Yintoni i-CRI kunye nendlela yokukhetha izixhobo zokukhanyisa?

I-Color Rendering Index (CRI) yindlela edibeneyo yamazwe ngamazwe yokuchaza ukuboniswa kombala kwemithombo yokukhanya. Yenzelwe ukubonelela ngovavanyo oluchanekileyo lobungakanani lwenqanaba apho umbala wento ephantsi komthombo wokukhanya olinganisiweyo uhambelana nombala oboniswe phantsi komthombo wokukhanya obhekisayo. I-Commission internationale de l 'eclairage (CIE) ibeka isalathisi sokuboniswa kombala welanga kwi-100, kwaye isalathisi sokuboniswa kombala wezibane ze-incandescent sisondele kakhulu kweso sasemini kwaye ke ngoko sithathwa njengomthombo wokukhanya ofanelekileyo.

I-CRI yinto ebalulekileyo ekulinganiseni amandla omthombo wokukhanya ukuvelisa umbala wento. Xa ixabiso le-CRI liphezulu, kokukhona amandla omthombo wokukhanya okubuyisela umbala wento aqinileyo, kwaye kokukhona kulula ukuba iliso lomntu likwazi ukwahlula umbala wento.

I-CRI yindlela yokulinganisa ukusebenza komthombo wokukhanya ekuqaphelweni kombala xa kuthelekiswa nomthombo wokukhanya oqhelekileyo (njengokukhanya kwemini). Yindlela eyamkelweyo ngokubanzi kwaye yindlela ekuphela kwayo yokuvavanya nokuxela ukuboniswa kombala komthombo wokukhanya. Ukuboniswa kombala luvavanyo olusemgangathweni olulinganisa inqanaba apho umthombo wokukhanya uveza umbala wento, oko kukuthi, indlela yokwenene yokuveliswa kombala.
Ukukhanya okuphezulu (CRI≥90) kunokuvelisa ukukhanya okuthambileyo, kunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukudinwa okubonakalayo, kwenze intsimi yokubona icace ngakumbi kwaye umfanekiso ube nobukhulu obuthathu; kuzisa abasebenzisi ukukhanyisa okunemibala ephezulu kunye namava okukhanya okukhaphukhaphu ngaphandle. Ukukhanya okuphezulu kunemiphumo emihle yokuvelisa imibala, kwaye imibala esiyibonayo isondele kwimibala yendalo ephambili (imibala phantsi kwelanga); ukukhanyisa okuncinci kunemiphumo emibi yokuvelisa imibala, ngoko ke ukuphambuka kombala esikubonayo kukhulu.

Ungayikhetha njani isalathisi sombala/sombala xa uthenga izixhobo zokukhanyisa?

Xa kukhethwa umzobo wombala, kudla ngokulandelwa imigaqo emibini, eyile umgaqo womzobo wombala othembekileyo kunye nomgaqo womzobo wombala osebenzayo.

(1) Umgaqo wokubonisa umbala othembekileyo

Umgaqo wokwenziwa kombala othembekileyo uthetha ukuba ukuze kuboniswe ngokuchanekileyo umbala wokuqala wento, kufuneka kukhethwe umthombo wokukhanya onophawu lokwenziwa kombala ophezulu. Kule meko, ukhetho lunokwenziwa ngokusekelwe kwixabiso likaRa. Okukhona ixabiso likaRa likhulu, kokukhona inqanaba lokubuyiselwa kombala wokuqala wento liphezulu. Izicelo ezahlukeneyo zineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokwenziwa kombala othembekileyo wemithombo yokukhanya.

Ngokweendawo ezahlukeneyo ezifanelekileyo, iKhomishini yeHlabathi yoKukhanyiswa (i-CIE) yahlula isalathisi sokuboniswa kombala kwiindidi ezintlanu:

(2) Umgaqo wombala opheleleyo

Umgaqo wokwenziwa kombala obonakalayo kukuba kwiindawo ezithile ezifana neekhabhathi zokubonisa imveliso yenyama, ukuze kugqanyiswe imibala ethile kwaye kuboniswe ubomi obuhle, kufuneka kukhethwe isalathisi sokwenziwa kombala esithile. Ngokusekelwe ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ixabiso leRa liyahlangabezana neemfuno, isalathisi sokwenziwa kombala okhethekileyo esihambelanayo siyandiswa ngokombala wento ekhanyisiweyo.

Kwindawo yokubonisa inyama kwiivenkile ezinkulu nakwiivenkile ezahlukeneyo, isalathisi sombala i-R9 somthombo wokukhanya sibaluleke kakhulu, kuba umbala wenyama uhlala uthambekele kubomvu, kwaye i-R9 ephezulu inokwenza inyama ibe nesiphumo esibonakalayo esitsha nesimnandi ngakumbi.

Kwimiboniso efana nezigaba zomdlalo kunye neestudiyo ezifuna ukuveliswa ngokuchanekileyo kwemibala yolusu, isalathisi sombala u-R15 somthombo wokukhanya kufuneka sihlangabezane nomgangatho ophezulu.

YandisaKulwazi

Isalathisi sombala wethiyori wezibane ze-incandescent yi-100. Nangona kunjalo, ebomini, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezibane ze-incandescent ezinokusetyenziswa okwahlukeneyo. Ke ngoko, amaxabiso azo e-Ra awafani. Kunokuthiwa kuphela ukuba zikufutshane ne-100, ethathwa njengomthombo wokukhanya onomgangatho ophezulu wombala wombala. Nangona kunjalo, olu hlobo lomthombo wokukhanya alunawo amandla okukhanya kwaye alunazo izibonelelo zokonga amandla kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, nangona izibane ze-LED zingaphantsi kancinci kunezibane ze-incandescent ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kombala wombala, ziye zaba ngumthombo wokukhanya odumileyo ngenxa yeempawu zazo zokonga amandla kunye nokusingqongileyo.

Ukongeza, ukuba umzimba womntu ujongene nokukhanya okungasebenzi kakuhle kombala ixesha elide, uvakalelo lweeseli zekhoni zeliso lomntu luya kuncipha kancinci kancinci, kwaye ingqondo inokugxila ngakumbi xa ichonga izinto, nto leyo enokubangela ukudinwa kwamehlo kwane-myopia.

Isalathisi sombala wemithombo yokukhanyisa kwigumbi lokufundela akufuneki sibe ngaphantsi kwama-80. Isalathisi sombala ophantsi kakhulu wokukhanyisa kwigumbi lokufundela siya kuchaphazela ukuqondwa ngokuchanekileyo kwamehlo abafundi kombala wezinto, nto leyo ebangela ukuba izinto zingakwazi ukubonisa imibala yazo yokwenyani. Ukuba le meko iqhubeka ixesha elide, iya kukhokelela ekwehleni nasekuncipheni kwamandla okwahlula imibala, nto leyo eya kubangela iingxaki ezinkulu zokubona kunye nezifo zamehlo kubafundi ezifana nokungaboni imibala kunye nobuthathaka bombala.

Isalathisi sombala i-Ra>90 sisetyenziselwa ukukhanyisa iofisi, ulwaneliseko lwenkangeleko yaso lunokunciphisa ukukhanya okungaphezulu kwe-25% xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo zokukhanyisa ezinesibane sesalathisi sombala ophantsi (Ra<60). Isalathisi sombala kunye nokukhanya komthombo wokukhanya zidityaniswe ngokucaca okubonakalayo kwendalo, kukho ubudlelwane obulinganayo phakathi kokukhanya kunye nesalathisi sombala.