Iyini i-CRI nokuthi ungazikhetha kanjani izibani?

I-Color Rendering Index (CRI) iyindlela ehlanganisiwe yomhlaba wonke yokuchaza ukuboniswa kombala kwemithombo yokukhanya. Yenzelwe ukunikeza ukuhlolwa okunembile kwenani lezinga umbala wento engaphansi komthombo wokukhanya olinganisiwe ohambisana ngalo nombala owethulwe ngaphansi komthombo wokukhanya obhekiselwe kuwo. I-Commission internationale de l 'eclairage (CIE) ibeka inkomba yokuboniswa kombala kwelanga ku-100, kanti inkomba yokuboniswa kombala yezibani ze-incandescent iseduze kakhulu neyemini ngakho-ke ibhekwa njengomthombo wokukhanya ofanele.

I-CRI iyisici esibalulekile ekulinganiseni ikhono lomthombo wokukhanya lokukhiqiza kabusha umbala wento. Uma inani le-CRI liphezulu, ikhono lomthombo wokukhanya lokubuyisela umbala wento liqina, futhi kulula kakhulu ngeso lomuntu ukuhlukanisa umbala wento.

I-CRI iyindlela yokulinganisa ukusebenza komthombo wokukhanya ekuqaphelweni kombala uma kuqhathaniswa nomthombo wokukhanya ojwayelekile (njengokukhanya kwasemini). Kuyindlela yokulinganisa eyamukelwa kabanzi futhi yindlela kuphela yokuhlola nokubika ukuvezwa kombala komthombo wokukhanya. Ukuboniswa kombala ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi okulinganisa izinga umthombo wokukhanya oveza ngalo umbala wento, okungukuthi, ukuthi ukuphinda umbala kungokoqobo kangakanani.
Ukuboniswa kombala okuKhanya Okuphezulu (CRI≥90) kungakhiqiza ukukhanya okuthambile, kunciphise ngempumelelo ukukhathala okubonakalayo, kwenze insimu yokubona icace kakhudlwana futhi isithombe sibe nobukhulu obuthathu; kulethe abasebenzisi ukuboniswa kombala ophezulu kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kokukhanya kwangaphandle okulula. Ukuboniswa kombala ophezulu kunemiphumela emihle yokuboniswa kombala, futhi imibala esiyibonayo iseduze nemibala eyinhloko yemvelo (imibala ngaphansi kwelanga); ukuboniswa kombala ophansi kunemiphumela emibi yokuboniswa kombala, ngakho-ke ukuphambuka kombala esikubonayo kukhulu.

Ungayikhetha kanjani inkomba yokudweba/yokudweba imibala lapho uthenga imishini yokukhanyisa?

Uma ukhetha ukudweba ngombala, kuvame ukulandelwa izimiso ezimbili, okungukuthi isimiso sokudweba ngombala ngokwethembeka kanye nesimiso sokudweba ngombala okuphumelelayo.

(1) Isimiso sokunikeza umbala esithembekile

Isimiso sokunikeza umbala ngokwethembeka sisho ukuthi ukuze kuboniswe ngokunembile umbala wokuqala wento, kudingeka kukhethwe umthombo wokukhanya onenkomba yokunikeza umbala ephezulu. Kulesi simo, ukukhetha kungenziwa ngokusekelwe enanini likaRa. Uma inani likaRa likhulu, izinga lokubuyiselwa kombala wokuqala wento liyanda. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene zinezidingo ezahlukene zokunikeza umbala ngokwethembeka imithombo yokukhanya.

Ngokusho kwezindawo ezahlukene ezisebenzayo, i-International Commission on Illumination (CIE) ihlukanisa inkomba yokunikeza umbala ngezigaba ezinhlanu:

(2) Isimiso sombala womphumela

Isimiso sokwenziwa kombala ophumelelayo ukuthi ezigcawini ezithile ezifana namakhabethe okubonisa imikhiqizo yenyama, ukuze kugqanyiswe imibala ethile futhi kuboniswe impilo enhle, kudingeka kukhethwe inkomba yokwenziwa kombala ethile. Ngokusekelwe ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi inani le-Ra liyahlangabezana nezidingo, inkomba yokwenziwa kombala ekhethekile ehambisanayo iyandiswa ngokuya ngombala wento ekhanyisiwe.

Endaweni yokubonisa inyama yezitolo ezinkulu kanye nezitolo ezahlukahlukene, inkomba yokubonisa umbala engu-R9 yomthombo wokukhanya ibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba umbala wenyama uvame ukuthambekela ekubeni obomvu, kanti i-R9 ephezulu ingenza inyama ibe nomphumela obonakalayo omusha nomnandi.

Ezigcawini ezifana nezigaba zokusebenza kanye nezitudiyo ezidinga ukukhiqizwa kabusha okunembile kwemibala yesikhumba, inkomba yokubonisa umbala u-R15 womthombo wokukhanya kumele ihlangabezane nezinga eliphezulu.

NwebaKulwazi

Inkomba yokunikeza imibala yethiyori yezibani ze-incandescent ingu-100. Kodwa-ke, empilweni, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezibani ze-incandescent ezinokusetshenziswa okuhlukile. Ngakho-ke, amanani azo e-Ra awafani. Kungathiwa asondele ku-100 kuphela, okubhekwa njengomthombo wokukhanya osebenza kahle kakhulu ekunikezeni imibala. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo lomthombo wokukhanya lunokusebenza kahle kokukhanya okuphansi futhi alunazo izinzuzo zokonga amandla nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, yize izibani ze-LED ziphansi kancane kunezibani ze-incandescent maqondana nokusebenza kokunikeza imibala, sezibe umthombo wokukhanya othandwa kakhulu ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo zokonga amandla kanye nobungani bemvelo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma umzimba womuntu uvezwa endaweni yokukhanya engasebenzi kahle kokunikeza umbala isikhathi eside, ukuzwela kwamaseli e-cone eso lomuntu kuzoncipha kancane kancane, futhi ubuchopho bungagxila kakhulu ngokungazikhetheli lapho bubona izinto, okungaholela kalula ekukhathaleni kwamehlo ngisho nase-myopia.

Inkomba yokubonisa imibala yemithombo yokukhanya ekilasini akufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-80. Inkomba yombala ephansi kakhulu yokukhanya ekilasini izothinta ukuqashelwa okunembile kwamehlo abafundi kombala wezinto, okubangela ukuba izinto zingakwazi ukuveza imibala yazo yangempela yangempela. Uma lesi simo siqhubeka isikhathi eside, sizoholela ekwehleni nasekuncipheni kwekhono lokuhlukanisa imibala, okuzobangela izinkinga ezinkulu zokubona kanye nezifo zamehlo kubafundi ezifana nokungaboni imibala kanye nobuthakathaka bombala.

Inkomba yokubonisa umbala i-Ra>90 isetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa ihhovisi, ukwaneliseka kokubukeka kwayo kunganciphisa ukukhanya okungaphezu kuka-25% uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsiza zokukhanyisa ngesibani senkomba yokubonisa umbala ophansi (Ra<60). Inkomba yokubonisa umbala kanye nokukhanya komthombo wokukhanya kunquma ngokusobala ukucaca okubonakalayo kwendawo, kukhona ubudlelwano obulinganiselayo phakathi kokukhanyisa kanye nenkomba yokubonisa umbala.